Difference between revisions of "Astrophotography"

Revision as of 10:59, 13 April 2014

The Messier objects are a set of astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his "Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des Amas d'Étoiles" ("Catalogue of Nebulae and Star Clusters"), originally published in 1771, with the last addition (based on Messier's observations) made in 1966.^[1]

Because Messier was interested in finding only comets, he created a list of non-comet objects that frustrated his hunt for them. The compilation of this list, in collaboration with his assistant Pierre Méchain, is known as the Messier catalogue. This catalogue of objects is one of the most famous lists of astronomical objects, and many Messier objects are still referenced by their Messier number.^[2]

The first edition included 45 objects, with Messier's final list totaling 103 objects. However, Messier 102 was not reported correctly, bringing the total to 102 objects. Other astronomers, using side notes in Messier's texts, eventually filled out the list to 110 objects.

Messier objects

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Messier number	NGC/IC Number	Common name	Picture	Object type	Distance (kly)	Constellation	Apparent magnitude
M1[3]	NGC 1952	Crab Nebula	60px	Supernova remnant	4.9-8.1	Taurus	8.4
M2[4]	NGC 7089		60px	Cluster, globular	33	Aquarius	6.3
M3[5]	NGC 5272		60px	Cluster, globular	33.9	Canes Venatici	6.2
M4[6]	NGC 6121		60px	Cluster, globular	7.2	Scorpius	5.9
M5[7]	NGC 5904		60px	Cluster, globular	24.5	Serpens	6.7
M6[8]	NGC 6405	Butterfly Cluster	60px	Cluster, open	1.6	Scorpius	4.2
M7[9]	NGC 6475	Ptolemy Cluster	60px	Cluster, open	0.65-1.31	Scorpius	3.3
M8[10]	NGC 6523	Lagoon Nebula	60px	Nebula with cluster	4.1	Sagittarius	6.0
M9[11]	NGC 6333		60px	Cluster, globular	25.8	Ophiuchus	8.4
M10[12]	NGC 6254		60px	Cluster, globular	14.3	Ophiuchus	6.4
M11[13]	NGC 6705	Wild Duck Cluster		Cluster, open	6.2	Scutum	6.3
M12[14]	NGC 6218		60px	Cluster, globular	15.7	Ophiuchus	7.7
M13[15]	NGC 6205	Great Globular Cluster in Hercules	60px	Cluster, globular	22.2	Hercules	5.8
M14[16]	NGC 6402		60px	Cluster, globular	30.3	Ophiuchus	8.3
M15[17]	NGC 7078		60px	Cluster, globular	33	Pegasus	6.2
M16[18]	NGC 6611	Eagle Nebula	30px	Nebula, H II region with cluster	7	Serpens	6.0
M17[19]	NGC 6618	Omega, Swan, Horseshoe, or Lobster Nebula	60px	Nebula, H II region with cluster	5-6	Sagittarius	6.0
M18[20]	NGC 6613			Cluster, open	4.9	Sagittarius	7.5
M19[21]	NGC 6273		60px	Cluster, globular	28.7	Ophiuchus	7.5
M20[22]	NGC 6514	Trifid Nebula	60px	Nebula, H II region with cluster	5.2	Sagittarius	6.3
M21[23]	NGC 6531		60px	Cluster, open	4.25	Sagittarius	6.5
M22[24]	NGC 6656	Sagittarius Cluster	60px	Cluster, globular	9.6-11.6	Sagittarius	5.1
M23[25]	NGC 6494		60px	Cluster, open	2.15	Sagittarius	6.9
M24[26]	IC 4715	Sagittarius Star Cloud	60px	Milky Way star cloud	~10	Sagittarius	4.6
M25[27]	IC 4725		60px	Cluster, open	2.0	Sagittarius	4.6
M26[28]	NGC 6694		60px	Cluster, open	5.0	Scutum	8.0
M27[29]	NGC 6853	Dumbbell Nebula		Nebula, planetary	1.148-1.52	Vulpecula	7.5
M28[30]	NGC 6626			Cluster, globular	17.9	Sagittarius	7.7
M29[31]	NGC 6913		60px	Cluster, open	7.2	Cygnus	7.1
M30[32]	NGC 7099		60px	Cluster, globular	27.8-31	Capricornus	7.7
M31[33]	NGC 224	Andromeda Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	2,430-2,650	Andromeda	3.4
M32[34]	NGC 221		60px	Galaxy, dwarf elliptical	2,410-2,570	Andromeda	8.1
M33[35]	NGC 598	Triangulum Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	2,380-3,070	Triangulum	5.7
M34[36]	NGC 1039		60px	Cluster, open	1.5	Perseus	5.5
M35[37]	NGC 2168		60px	Cluster, open	2.8	Gemini	5.3
M36[38]	NGC 1960		60px	Cluster, open	4.1	Auriga	6.3
M37[39]	NGC 2099		60px	Cluster, open	4.511	Auriga	6.2
M38[40]	NGC 1912		60px	Cluster, open	4.2	Auriga	7.4
M39[41]	NGC 7092		60px	Cluster, open	0.8244	Cygnus	5.5
M40[42]		Winnecke 4	60px	Double star WNC4	0.51	Ursa Major	9.7
M41[43]	NGC 2287		60px	Cluster, open	2.3	Canis Major	4.5
M42[44]	NGC 1976	Orion Nebula	60px	Nebula, H II region	1.324-1.364	Orion	4.0
M43[45]	NGC 1982	De Mairan's Nebula	60px	Nebula, H II region (part of the Orion Nebula)	1.6	Orion	9.0
M44[46]	NGC 2632	Beehive Cluster	60px	Cluster, open	0.577	Cancer	3.7
M45[47]		Pleiades	60px	Cluster, open	0.39-0.46	Taurus	1.6
M46[48]	NGC 2437		60px	Cluster, open	5.4	Puppis	6.1
M47[49]	NGC 2422		60px	Cluster, open	1.6	Puppis	4.2
M48[50]	NGC 2548		60px	Cluster, open	1.5	Hydra	5.5
M49[51]	NGC 4472		60px	Galaxy, elliptical	53,600-58,200	Virgo	9.4
M50[52]	NGC 2323		60px	Cluster, open	3.2	Monoceros	5.9
M51[53]	NGC 5194, NGC 5195	Whirlpool Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	19,000-27,000	Canes Venatici	8.4
M52[54]	NGC 7654		60px	Cluster, open	5.0	Cassiopeia	5.0
M53[55]	NGC 5024		60px	Cluster, globular	58	Coma Berenices	8.3
M54[56]	NGC 6715			Cluster, globular	87.4	Sagittarius	8.4
M55[57]	NGC 6809			Cluster, globular	17.6	Sagittarius	7.4
M56[58]	NGC 6779		60px	Cluster, globular	32.9	Lyra	8.3
M57[59]	NGC 6720	Ring Nebula	60px	Nebula, planetary	1.6-3.8	Lyra	8.8
M58[60]	NGC 4579		60px	Galaxy, barred spiral	~63,000	Virgo	10.5
M59[61]	NGC 4621			Galaxy, elliptical	55,000-65,000	Virgo	10.6
M60[62]	NGC 4649		60px	Galaxy, elliptical	51,000-59,000	Virgo	9.8
M61[63]	NGC 4303		60px	Galaxy, spiral	50.2-54.6	Virgo	10.2
M62[64]	NGC 6266		60px	Cluster, globular	22.2	Ophiuchus	7.4
M63[65]	NGC 5055	Sunflower Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	37,000	Canes Venatici	9.3
M64[66]	NGC 4826	Black Eye Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	22,000-26,000	Coma Berenices	9.4
M65[67]	NGC 3623	Leo Triplet	60px	Galaxy, barred spiral	41,000-42,000	Leo	10.3
M66[68]	NGC 3627	Leo Triplet	60px	Galaxy, barred spiral	31,000-41,000	Leo	8.9
M67[69]	NGC 2682		60px	Cluster, open	2.61-2.93	Cancer	6.1
M68[70]	NGC 4590		60px	Cluster, globular	33.6	Hydra	9.7
M69[71]	NGC 6637		60px	Cluster, globular	29.7	Sagittarius	8.3
M70[72]	NGC 6681			Cluster, globular	29.4	Sagittarius	9.1
M71[73]	NGC 6838			Cluster, globular	13.0	Sagitta	6.1
M72[74]	NGC 6981			Cluster, globular	53.40-55.74	Aquarius	9.4
M73[75]	NGC 6994		60px	Asterism	~2.5	Aquarius	9.0
M74[76]	NGC 628		60px	Galaxy, spiral	24,000-36,000	Pisces	10.0
M75[77]	NGC 6864			Cluster, globular	67.5	Sagittarius	9.2
M76[78]	NGC 650, NGC 651	Little Dumbbell Nebula	60px	Nebula, planetary	2.5	Perseus	10.1
M77[79]	NGC 1068	Cetus A	60px	Galaxy, spiral	47,000	Cetus	9.6
M78[80]	NGC 2068		60px	Nebula, diffuse	1.6	Orion	8.3
M79[81]	NGC 1904		60px	Cluster, globular	41	Lepus	8.6
M80[82]	NGC 6093		60px	Cluster, globular	32.6	Scorpius	7.9
M81[83]	NGC 3031	Bode's Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	11,400-12,200	Ursa Major	6.9
M82[84]	NGC 3034	Cigar Galaxy		Galaxy, starburst	10,700-12,300	Ursa Major	8.4
M83[85]	NGC 5236	Southern Pinwheel Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, barred spiral	14,700	Hydra	7.5
M84[86]	NGC 4374		60px	Galaxy, lenticular	57,000-63,000	Virgo	10.1
M85[87]	NGC 4382		60px	Galaxy, lenticular	56,000-64,000	Coma Berenices	10.0
M86[88]	NGC 4406		60px	Galaxy, lenticular	49,000-55,000	Virgo	9.8
M87[89]	NGC 4486	Virgo A	60px	Galaxy, elliptical	51,870-55,130	Virgo	9.6
M88[90]	NGC 4501		60px	Galaxy, spiral	39,000-56,000	Coma Berenices	10.4
M89[91]	NGC 4552		60px	Galaxy, elliptical	47,000-53,000	Virgo	10.7
M90[92]	NGC 4569		60px	Galaxy, spiral	55,900-61,500	Virgo	10.3
M91[93]	NGC 4548			Galaxy, barred spiral	47,000-79,000	Coma Berenices	11.0
M92[94]	NGC 6341		60px	Cluster, globular	26.7	Hercules	6.3
M93[95]	NGC 2447		60px	Cluster, open	3.6	Puppis	6.0
M94[96]	NGC 4736		60px	Galaxy, spiral	14,700-17,300	Canes Venatici	9.0
M95[97]	NGC 3351		60px	Galaxy, barred spiral	31,200-34,000	Leo	11.4
M96[98]	NGC 3368		60px	Galaxy, spiral	28,000-34,000	Leo	10.1
M97[99]	NGC 3587	Owl Nebula	60px	Nebula, planetary	2.03	Ursa Major	9.9
M98[100]	NGC 4192		60px	Galaxy, spiral	44,400	Coma Berenices	11.0
M99[101]	NGC 4254		60px	Galaxy, spiral	44,700-55,700	Coma Berenices	10.4
M100[102]	NGC 4321		60px	Galaxy, spiral	55,000	Coma Berenices	10.1
M101[103]	NGC 5457	Pinwheel Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	19,100-22,400	Ursa Major	7.9
M102[104]	(Not conclusively identified)[105]
M103[106]	NGC 581		60px	Cluster, open	10	Cassiopeia	7.4
M104[107]	NGC 4594	Sombrero Galaxy	60px	Galaxy, spiral	28,700-30,900	Virgo	9.0
M105[108]	NGC 3379		60px	Galaxy, elliptical	30,400-33,600	Leo	10.2
M106[109]	NGC 4258		60px	Galaxy, spiral	22,200-25,200	Canes Venatici	9.1
M107[110]	NGC 6171		60px	Cluster, globular	20.9	Ophiuchus	8.9
M108[111]	NGC 3556		60px	Galaxy, barred spiral	46,000	Ursa Major	10.7
M109[112]	NGC 3992		60px	Galaxy, barred spiral	59,500-107,500	Ursa Major	10.6
M110[113]	NGC 205		60px	Galaxy, dwarf elliptical	2,600-2,780	Andromeda	9.0
Messier number	NGC Number	Common name	Picture	Object type	Distance (kly)	Constellation	Apparent magnitude

Star chart of Messier objects

See also

Template:Portal

• Caldwell Catalogue
• Herschel 400 Catalogue
• Messier objects in fiction
• New General Catalogue

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Commons category

• Interactive Messier Catalog Greenhawk Observatory
• Messier database from SEDS
• Clickable table of Messier Objects
• Charles Messier's Original Catalogue.
• Images of the 110 Messier objects by 2MASS project.

Template:Messier objectsTemplate:Link FL

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